Hover over a bubble to see details with links to studies. Click on a link in the axes to see an explanation of the Intervention / Outcome. Select an area of the chart to zoom in. Toggle study categories on and off using the legend at the bottom of the chart. Export the chart using the menu button at the top right of the chart.
Impact evaluations
High confidence
Medium confidence
Low confidence
Protocol
Knowledge and understanding.
Citizens’ understanding and knowledge of extractives revenue, budget sharing, and public service availability and rights.
Attitudes and beliefs.
Beliefs, attitudes and perceptions of natural resource extraction, transparency and use of revenues from extraction, and public services and safety.
Participation and inclusion.
Inclusion or participation in decision-making body, civil society organisation or community monitoring or feedback mechanism, including attending meetings, participating in meetings, membership of organisations.
Collective bargaining power.
Enhanced bargaining power and capabilities at collective levels.
Channels for negotiation and engagement.
Increased channels for engagement, negotiation and adjudication (e.g. existence of a functioning grievance mechanism in place, implementation of a community prior and informed consent requirement) between state / private sector and citizen.
Transparency of reporting.
Reports to the government published in local languages disclosing information about all aspect of the industry activities, such as contracts and licenses, exploration plan, investment, payments to the government, environmental reports etc.
Corruption.
Measures of corruption, including: incidence of financial or administrative misreporting, investigations, prosecutions, convictions and self-reported incidence of being asked for a bribe
Resource allocation.
Measures of public finance or goods allocation or their alignment with citizen needs or preferences.
Public confidence in institutions/politicians.
Perception by the public of the quality of services, the performance of public servants including elected representatives, and levels corruption and transparency.
Environmental compliance.
Compliance with environmental requirements including those related to environmental clearance, environmental impact assessment and other relevant compliance documents published.
Environmental damage and pollution.
Damage caused by extractive activities to the environment, including quantity/ gravity of accident affecting the environment (such as an oil spill, an explosion, a mine collapse etc) or through a measure of water or air pollution.
Forced displacement.
Eviction/ displacement of a community or population in a village to leave their home and move to a new area, imposed by force without their consent for extractive purposes.
Economic.
Income, consumption, expenditure, employment, poverty and ownership, and access and rights to land
Psychosocial.
Measures of happiness, empowerment, quality of life, gender/ social relations and status, physical and psychological well-being.
Conflict.
Instances of conflict understood here as either armed conflict, or non-violent confrontation and protest by the community.
Quality/ effectiveness of government and institutions.
Objective measure of quality and effectiveness of government and services delivered by public institutions.
Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative
The Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) is an international initiative which requires its member countries to meet the global standard for a more open and accountable management of extractive resources. It requires the disclosure of information along the extractive industry value chain from the point of extraction, to how revenues make their way through the government and how it impacts the communities. It also requires the implementation of independent audits and the participation of civil society in monitoring state and private actors* performance.
Facilitation of public participation in public institutions' decision-making processes, priority setting or budget allocation decisions, including participatory budgeting. These interventions give the opportunity for citizen to make their opinion count by being part of the decision process. They include stakeholder forums such as face-to-face meetings with citizen participation, deliberative polling, and citizen committees.
Environmental audit
Introduction of independent third-party audits of public and/or private sector's compliance with environmental standards.
Financial audit
Introduction of independent third-party audits of financial transactions between the private sector and the government in the extractive sectors, public sector's levels of spending and cost-efficiency in the extractive sectors.
Information on citizen rights
Provision of information or promotion of media involvement in diffusing information to citizen about their rights and responsibilities, including their rights to participate in decision-making processes; their entitlements to receive benefits from public budget coming from extractive resources; citizens’ rights to compensation; citizens’ access to services, their rights as users and service providers' responsibilities. Dissemination methods include leafleting, information packages, face-to-face information campaigns, online and SMS broadcast, theatre, etc.
Information on public/ private actors' performance
Provision of information about the performance of industry public or private stakeholders, including extractive revenues of the government, allocated funds or budget plans for public institutions and sub-national governments, and their usage; companies’ environmental liability and compliance; bidding and revenue sharing arrangements (contracts and licenses, taxes, royalties, and production and equity sharing, etc.) between the companies and the government; transparency of corporates’ actual payment to the government. Dissemination methods include leafleting, information packages, face-to-face information campaigns, online and SMS broadcast, theatre, etc.
Citizen monitoring and feedback
Provision of a platform for meetings between citizens’ and relevant stakeholders (government, company, etc.) for discussing citizens’ right and feedback concerns or priorities to the stakeholders; to develop citizen action plan and/or setting up grievance redress mechanisms to follow up with the stakeholders. The interventions include stakeholder forums such as face-to-face meetings and online forums, and community scorecards and social audits. Although these interventions can include citizen participation in meetings, they do not necessarily give them an opportunity to take part in the decision, rather they provide a channel of engagement or advocacy through which they can hold stakeholders into account.
Other international transparency initiative
International initiative promoting the application of transparency and reporting standards across different countries in the extractive industries, and mobilizing a range of different stakeholders
Click items in the legend to toggle the category off and on in the graph. High, Medium and Low Confidence and Protocol categories apply only to Systematic Reviews. High, Medium and Low Confidence refersto confidence in conclusions about effects. It indicates the overall rating given to a systematic review based on a careful appraisal of the methods applied in a systematic review, using a standardised checklist.
