Preventative protection measures

Non-police or security force-based efforts to reduce incidences of violence or criminal activity, including through making the physical environment less conducive to such acts and through minimising the exposure of vulnerable groups to risky situations. This can include crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) interventions, a multi-disciplinary approach that aims to reduce criminal activity by making the physical environment less conducive for it (9) through efforts such as putting in lighting in public spaces, removing obstacles so there is better line of sight, and reclaiming spaces for positive community activities. This may also include interventions that reduce the risk of vulnerable groups to exposure to violence, such as through providing firewood or alternative fuel sources to women in refugee camps.