Empowerment / social inclusion

Empowerment/agency outcomes: Outcomes measuring the ability and opportunity of the disadvantaged to exercise their rights, obtain access to resources and participate actively in the process of making decisions and shaping society (Luttrell et al. 2009), including measures of economic, political, social and psychological empowerment. Includes measures of self-confidence, autonomy in decision-making, challenging of existing norms, locus of control (decision-making), domestic/ sexual/ intimate partner violence measures, child labour, early marriage, and communication about sex / HIV with intimate partner

Social inclusion / stigma outcomes: Outcomes measuring the (degree of) involuntary exclusion of individuals and groups from society’s political, economic and societal processes, which prevents their full participation in the society (UN 2010), outcomes measuring negative social attitudes (perceived stigma), and discriminating behaviours (enacted stigma) (Sengupta et al. 2011) toward the (absolute or relative) poor as well as measures of social capital.