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Hover over a bubble to see details with links to studies. Click on a link in the axes to see an explanation of the Intervention / Outcome. Select an area of the chart to zoom in. Toggle study categories on and off using the legend at the bottom of the chart. Export the chart using the menu button at the top right of the chart.
Technical skills training
Training programmes that address a lack of trade- or job-specific technical skills demanded by employers. Such skills range from manual skills to computer literacy. Technical skill training programmes often include an on-the-job training component in order to increase practical work experience (i.e. by placing participants in internships, workplace training or apprenticeship schemes).
Business skills training
Often taught as part of programmes that aim to increase entrepreneurial activities. They cover a large variety of factors that are believed to determine business success (ranging from financial skills to problem-solving skills).
Soft skills training
Programmes that improve non-technical skills, such as behavioural skills, life skills or soft skills of jobseekers.
Business advisory
Programmes that offer business advisory services and mentoring (e.g. assessment of business plans) for soon-to-be or already self-employed youth. Such programmes aim at improving the management skills of beneficiaries, their understanding of business mechanisms and their financial literacy/behaviour; moreover, they tend to increase knowledge of business laws/regulations and of business possibilities, to reduce risk and uncertainty in starting a business.
Business skills
Programmes that deliver the skills relevant for starting or maintaining a business (such as management skills, leadership skills and financial literacy).
Access to market and value chains
Programmes that try to reduce the barriers to business creation by assisting prospective entrepreneurs to enter markets or existing value chains: this is achieved by supporting business networks and providing the technology necessary for value chain inclusion, in order to increase knowledge of markets and networks and improve access to business networks and supply chains.
Credit
Programmes addressing the lack of access to affordable finance faced by young entrepreneurs providing or facilitating access to credit (including microfinance programmes).
Grants
Programmes addressing the lack of access to affordable finance faced by young entrepreneurs providing start-up grants.
Microfranchising
Programmes addressing the lack of access to affordable finance faced by young entrepreneurs fostering micro-franchising mechanisms. This is done matching participants with franchisors, intermediating between franchisors and potential franchisees, distributing information about franchising, assisting in setting up franchise business and supporting exiting franchisees.
Job search assistance
These programmes include job-search training, educational or career guidance, counselling and monitoring programmes. Such programmes primarily address disadvantaged or demotivated youth who are disconnected from the labour market. Their primary aim is to improve the intensity, motivation and effectiveness of job-searches by participants. Mentoring programmes are also provided to youth who are not currently unemployed but are in education or have just entered the labour market (post-placement support).
Job placement
These programmes aim at improving the job-matching process by providing information and support to both sides of the labour market. On the one hand, they inform young jobseekers about suitable job opportunities; on the other hand, they provide information to potential employers about available and unemployed youth. The underlying idea is to facilitate the matching of employment opportunities with jobseekers while reducing the costs and risks to employers connected with recruiting young people.
Financial assistance for job search
These programmes address financial constraints to the process of job search by providing grants/stipends connected to job-search and job-acceptance (e.g. transport subsidies, child-care).
Employer-side wage subsidies (reduction in Social Security Contributions)
Employer-side wage subsidies reduce the financial costs or risks associated with not knowing the productivity of the person to be employed. They may also serve to lower the costs to employers of providing on-the-job youth training. Such training subsidies offer the possibility of expanding the number of work-based training places for disadvantaged young people. These studies evaluate employer-side subsidies in terms of reduced social security contributions.
Employer-side wage subsidies (reduction in labour costs)
Employer-side wage subsidies reduce the financial costs or risks associated with not knowing the productivity of the person to be employed. They may also serve to lower the costs to employers of providing on-the-job youth training. Such training subsidies offer the possibility of expanding the number of work-based training places for disadvantaged young people. These studies evaluate employer-side subsidies in terms of reduced wage or labour costs.
Employee-side wage subsidies
These subsidies promote labour supply by increasing the returns from employment and hence increasing incentives to seek and retain employment. They are appropriate in contexts facing labour supply constraints, for example due to reservation wages. These studies evaluate employee-side subsidies in the form of direct transfers (vouchers).
Public work programs (infrastructure development projects)
Basic social income recipients are recruited for public jobs and receive a small earning supplement to their unemployment assistance. Programmes usually target unskilled, disadvantaged or long-term unemployed workers with the aim of keeping them in contact with the labour market and mitigating the depreciation of human capital during periods of unemployment. These studies evaluate public employment programmes associated with infrastructure and construction works.
Public work programs (social development and community work)
Basic social income recipients are recruited for public jobs and receive a small earning supplement to their unemployment assistance. Programmes usually target unskilled, disadvantaged or long-term unemployed workers with the aim of keeping them in contact with the labour market and mitigating the depreciation of human capital during periods of unemployment. These particular studies evaluate public employment programs associated with works in the social sector, environmental services and multi-sectoral, community driven programs.
Literacy/numeracy skills training
Designed to teach basic skills or cognitive abilities to youth who had not acquired them by the time they left school (sometimes called “second-chance programmes”).
Click items in the legend to toggle the category off and on in the graph. High, Medium and Low Confidence and Protocol categories apply only to Systematic Reviews. High, Medium and Low Confidence refersto confidence in conclusions about effects. It indicates the overall rating given to a systematic review based on a careful appraisal of the methods applied in a systematic review, using a standardised checklist.
