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Direct hardware provision

Intervention group: 
Interventions focusing on supply

The provision of any WASH hardware for free and which has been chosen by an external authority. This includes interventions where new or improved water supplies are constructed, handwashing stations are built, soap is handed out, water purifiers given away, latrines provided, or sewer connections installed by external actors (e.g., government or an NGO)

Pakistan (Luby, 2001)

  • Read more about Pakistan (Luby, 2001)

Pakistan (Jensen, 2003)

  • Read more about Pakistan (Jensen, 2003)

Nigeria (Huttly, 1990)

  • Read more about Nigeria (Huttly, 1990)

Niger (Abdou, 2010)

  • Read more about Niger (Abdou, 2010)

Nepal (Oster, 2011)

  • Read more about Nepal (Oster, 2011)

Mexico (Venkataramani, 2013)

  • Read more about Mexico (Venkataramani, 2013)

Myanmar (Han, 1989)

  • Read more about Myanmar (Han, 1989)

Mozambique (Elbers, 2012)

  • Read more about Mozambique (Elbers, 2012)

Mozambique (Cairncross, 1987)

  • Read more about Mozambique (Cairncross, 1987)

Mexico (Odio, 2004)

  • Read more about Mexico (Odio, 2004)

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